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range of machines

  • 1 серия станков

    Русско-английский исловарь по машиностроению и автоматизации производства > серия станков

  • 2 Zonca, Vittorio

    [br]
    b. c. 1568 Italy
    d. 1603 Italy
    [br]
    Italian architect who wrote a book on machines.
    [br]
    All that is known of Zonca is included on the frontispiece of the book that is his only claim to fame. He is there described as architect to the "Magnificent Community of Padua". He compiled a book on machines entitled Novo teatro de machine ed edificii (New Display of Machines and Edifices), illustrated with numerous fine engravings. It was printed in Padua in 1607, four years after his death, by Francesco Bertelli, who said of the book that it "came into my hands", as though he knew nothing of the author.
    During the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, a number of illustrated books on technical subjects appeared, compiled by knowledgeable and educated authors. These books greatly helped the spread of information about the technical arts throughout Europe. There were several books on mechanical devices, notably those by Ramelli, Besson and Zonca. In some ways, Zonca's is the most interesting, for it seems closest to the mechanical practice of the time. Several of the machines he describes are referred to as being in use in Padua or Venice and he suggests ways of improving them. The range of machines is wider than in other similar works and includes pumps, cranes, powder mills, printing and bookbinding presses and textile machines. Perhaps the most interesting of these is the water-driven silk-threading machine, since some of its components resemble those in use in the twentieth century. Spinning mills were widely used in the silk industry in sixteenth-century Italy, and Zonca offers a full description of one. He also shows the first example of an oblique treadwheel, driven by oxen for the grinding of grain. Even so, despite all the practical detail, the book ends, like others of its kind, with fantasy, in a description of a perpetual-motion machine.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    A.G.Keller, 1964, A Theatre of Machines, London: Chapman \& Hall (provides brief details and illustrations from the books by Ramelli, Besson and Zonca).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Zonca, Vittorio

  • 3 гамма станков

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > гамма станков

  • 4 серия станков

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > серия станков

  • 5 ассортимент машин

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > ассортимент машин

  • 6 гамма станков

    Русско-английский исловарь по машиностроению и автоматизации производства > гамма станков

  • 7 mecanizado

    adj.
    mechanized, automatized, unmanned.
    m.
    mechanization, machining, tooling.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: mecanizar.
    * * *
    1 mechanized
    * * *
    * * *
    - da adjetivo mechanized
    * * *
    = machine + Nombre, mechanised [mechanized, -USA], power, machining.
    Ex. With machine indexing some irrelevant and redundant entries are inevitable.
    Ex. Mechanized systems offer a wide range of potential search strategies and searching aids.
    Ex. In 1895 a good London bindery would have the following machines: hand-fed folding machines, sewing machines, nipping machines (for pressing the sewn books before casing-in), cutting machines, rounding machines, backing machines, straight-knife trimming machines (guillotines), rotary board-cutting machines, power blocking presses, and hydraulic standing presses.
    Ex. Both are considered to be the cat's meow but in different fields of machining.
    ----
    * indización mecanizada = machine indexing.
    * * *
    - da adjetivo mechanized
    * * *
    = machine + Nombre, mechanised [mechanized, -USA], power, machining.

    Ex: With machine indexing some irrelevant and redundant entries are inevitable.

    Ex: Mechanized systems offer a wide range of potential search strategies and searching aids.
    Ex: In 1895 a good London bindery would have the following machines: hand-fed folding machines, sewing machines, nipping machines (for pressing the sewn books before casing-in), cutting machines, rounding machines, backing machines, straight-knife trimming machines (guillotines), rotary board-cutting machines, power blocking presses, and hydraulic standing presses.
    Ex: Both are considered to be the cat's meow but in different fields of machining.
    * indización mecanizada = machine indexing.

    * * *
    mechanized
    * * *

    Del verbo mecanizar: ( conjugate mecanizar)

    mecanizado es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    mecanizado    
    mecanizar
    mecanizado
    ◊ -da adjetivo

    mechanized
    mecanizar ( conjugate mecanizar) verbo transitivo
    to mechanize
    mecanizar verbo transitivo to mechanize

    * * *
    mecanizado, -a adj
    mechanized

    Spanish-English dictionary > mecanizado

  • 8 circular

    adj.
    1 circular.
    Su forma es circular Its shape is circular.
    2 orbicular.
    f.
    leaflet, circular, circular letter, flier.
    Ella me entregó la circular ayer She gave me the leaflet yesterday.
    v.
    1 to flow or circulate.
    2 to circulate.
    El sospechoso circuló mucho tiempo The suspect circulated a long time.
    La prensa circuló el rumor The press circulated=spread the rumor.
    3 to go round.
    4 to be spread, to go round.
    El rumor circula desde ayer The rumor was spread since yesterday.
    5 to distribute, to circulate, to deal out, to hand around.
    Ella circuló las invitaciones She circulated=handed out the invitations.
    * * *
    1 circular
    1 (carta) circular, circular letter
    1 (gen) to circulate, move, go round
    2 (líquido, electricidad) to circulate, flow
    3 (coche) to drive; (trenes, autobuses) to run; (peatón) to walk
    4 figurado (rumor etc) to spread, get round
    \
    'Circule por la derecha' "Keep to the right"
    ¡circulen! move along!
    * * *
    1. noun f. adj. 2. verb
    2) run
    3) walk
    4) flow
    * * *
    1. VI
    1) [vehículo] to run

    el metro no circula los domingos — the underground does not run on Sundays, there is no underground service on Sundays

    este tren circula a muy alta velocidad — this train goes o travels o runs at very high speeds

    2) [peatón] to walk

    por favor, circulen por la acera — please walk on the pavement

    ¡circulen! — move along!

    3) [ciudadano, mercancía] to move around
    4) [moneda] to be in circulation
    5) [sangre] to circulate; [agua] to flow
    6) [rumor] to go round, circulate
    2.
    3.
    ADJ (=redondo) circular

    un salón con o de forma circular — a circular o round hall

    4.
    SF (=carta) circular
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo circular
    II 1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) sangre/savia to circulate, flow; agua/corriente to flow
    2)
    a) transeúnte/peatón to walk; conductor

    circulen, por favor! — move along please!

    b) autobús/tren ( estar de servicio) to run, operate
    3) dinero/billete/sello to be in circulation
    4) noticia/rumor/memo to circulate, go around
    2.
    circular vt to circulate
    III
    femenino circular
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo circular
    II 1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) sangre/savia to circulate, flow; agua/corriente to flow
    2)
    a) transeúnte/peatón to walk; conductor

    circulen, por favor! — move along please!

    b) autobús/tren ( estar de servicio) to run, operate
    3) dinero/billete/sello to be in circulation
    4) noticia/rumor/memo to circulate, go around
    2.
    circular vt to circulate
    III
    femenino circular
    * * *
    circular1
    1 = memo [memorandum], memorandum [memoranda -pl.; memo -abr.], news-sheet [newsheet], newsletter, circular letter.

    Ex: In most cases there was little substitution of e-mail for letters, memos, telephone calls, meetings or travel.

    Ex: Among the documents that are worthy of consideration for abstracting are those which convey information that is likely to be difficult to access, such as foreign documents or internal reports and memoranda and other documents which a limited circulation.
    Ex: Short abstracts comprising only one or two sentences, for instance, may be valuable in commercial information services, or local government news-sheets of the type produced by public libraries.
    Ex: A newsletter is a serial publication consisting of one or a few printed sheets containing news and/or information of interest to a special group.
    Ex: The computer is also programmed to print out circular letters and address labels to obtain up-dated information, which are sent to agencies every six months.

    circular2
    2 = roundabout, circular, rotary, cyclic.

    Ex: 'I think that's about it, isn't it, Malcolm?' she said, rubbing her hands with a roundabout motion.

    Ex: Products under threat include; greeting cards, circulars, information sheets, newspapers and magazines.
    Ex: In 1895 a good London bindery would have the following machines: hand-fed folding machines, sewing machines, nipping machines (for pressing the sewn books before casing-in), cutting machines, rounding machines, backing machines, straight-knife trimming machines (guillotines), rotary board-cutting machines, power blocking presses, and hydraulic standing presses.
    Ex: This algorithm handles cyclic graphs without unfolding the cycles nor looping through them.
    * bandeja circular para diapositivas = carousel.
    * presentación circular de títulos = wrap-around.
    * sierra circular = buzz saw, circular saw.
    * tesauro circular = circular thesaurus.

    circular3
    3 = make + the rounds, range, pump, cruise, drive, drive along.

    Ex: You may have seen the lines making the rounds of library e-mail: 'A Zen librarian searched for 'nothing' on the Internet and received 28 million hits'.

    Ex: We will be bringing scholars from all over the world both to range widely in our multiform collections and put things together rather than just take them apart.
    Ex: All air entering the building should be pumped through tanks of water to remove pollutants.
    Ex: The system also has an add-on, which allows users with low vision to cruise the Internet using a low vision interface.
    Ex: Tomás Hernández drove cautiously in the torrential rain, trying not to swerve on the slick pavement of the turnpike.
    Ex: A motorist who drove along 20ft of a railway line told police officers his sat nav had directed him to turn on to the track.
    * apto para circular = roadworthy.
    * circulaba el rumor de que = rumour had it that.
    * circula el rumor de que = rumour has it that.
    * circular de uno a otro = flow + back and forth.
    * circular libremente = wander + at large.
    * circular por = navigate (through).
    * dejar de circular = drop out of + circulation.
    * hacer circular = pass around.
    * hacer circular por = circulate round.
    * rumor + circular = rumour + circulate.

    * * *
    1 ‹movimiento› circular
    de forma circular circular, round
    2 ‹ruta› circular
    circular2 [A1 ]
    vi
    A «sangre/savia» to circulate, flow; «agua/corriente» to flow
    B
    1 «transeúnte/peatón» to walk
    el tráfico circulaba a 25 km/h the traffic was traveling at 25 kph
    circulan por la izquierda they drive on the left
    apenas circulaba gente por las calles there was hardly anybody (walking) in the streets
    ¡circulen, por favor! move along please!
    2 «autobús/tren» (estar de servicio) to run, operate
    el autobús que circula entre estas dos poblaciones the bus which runs o operates between these two towns
    C «dinero/billete/sello» to be in circulation
    D «noticia/rumor» to circulate, go around ( colloq)
    circulan rumores sobre su divorcio there are rumors going around o circulating about their divorce
    ■ circular
    vt
    to circulate
    circular
    * * *

     

    circular 1 adjetivo
    circular;

    ■ sustantivo femenino
    circular
    circular 2 ( conjugate circular) verbo intransitivo
    a) [sangre/savia] to circulate, flow;

    [agua/corriente] to flow
    b) [transeúnte/peatón] to walk;

    ( referido al tráfico):

    c) [autobús/tren] ( estar de servicio) to run, operate

    d) [dinero/billete/sello] to be in circulation

    e) [noticia/rumor/memo] to circulate, go around

    verbo transitivo
    to circulate
    circular
    I adj (con forma de círculo) circular
    II f (notificación) circular
    III verbo intransitivo
    1 (la sangre) to circulate
    (un líquido, el aire) to flow
    2 (tren, autobús) to run: los coches circulaban a gran velocidad, the cars were being driven very fast
    (un peatón) to walk: peatón, circule por la izquierda, (en letrero) pedestrians, keep left
    3 fig (difundirse un rumor) to go round
    (moneda) to be in circulation
    ' circular' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    rotonda
    - redondel
    English:
    bandy about
    - circular
    - circulate
    - flow
    - get about
    - go about
    - move along
    - move on
    - pass round
    - pie chart
    - put about
    - roadworthy
    - run
    - disk
    - mingle
    - move
    - road
    - round
    - socialize
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    circular
    ♦ nf
    circular
    ♦ vi
    1. [líquido] to flow, to circulate ( por through); [aire] to circulate;
    abre la ventana para que circule el aire open the window to let some air in
    2. [persona] to move, to walk ( por around);
    ¡por favor, circulen! move along, please!
    3. [vehículos] to drive ( por along);
    este autobús no circula hoy this bus isn't running today;
    el tren de alta velocidad circula a 200 km/h the high-speed train travels at 200 km/h;
    en el Reino Unido se circula por la izquierda they drive on the left in the United Kingdom
    4. [moneda] to be in circulation
    5. [capital, dinero] to circulate
    6. [difundirse] to go round;
    circula el rumor de que ha muerto there's a rumour going round that he's died;
    la noticia circuló rápidamente the news quickly got round
    ♦ vt
    [de mano en mano] to circulate;
    hicieron circular un documento secreto entre los periodistas they had a secret document circulated among the press
    * * *
    I adj circular
    II f circular
    III v/i
    1 circulate
    2 AUTO drive, travel
    3 de persona move (along);
    ¡circulen! move along!
    * * *
    1) : to circulate
    2) : to move along
    3) : to drive
    : circular
    : circular, flier
    * * *
    1. (sangre) to circulate
    2. (coche) to drive [pt. drove; pp. driven]
    circulan muchos coches por esta calle a lot of cars use this street / this is a very busy street
    3. (tren, autobús) to run [pt. ran; pp. run] / to operate
    1.700 autobuses circulan por la capital there are 1,700 buses operating in the capital
    4. (rumor) to go round

    Spanish-English dictionary > circular

  • 9 chaîne

    chaîne° [∫εn]
    1. feminine noun
       b. ( = ensemble, suite) chain ; [de montagnes] range
       d. (TV) channel
    • sur la première/deuxième chaîne on the first/second channel
    ► chaîne payante or à péage pay TV channel
    * * *
    ʃɛn
    1.
    1) ( entrave) chain
    2) ( de transmission) chain
    3) Industrie assembly line

    on n'est pas à la chaîne! — (colloq) fig we're not machines, you know!

    4) ( bijou) chain
    5) ( succession) chain
    6) ( organisation) network
    7) Géographie chain, range
    8) ( de télévision) channel
    9) Commerce chain
    11) Chimie chain

    2.
    chaînes nom féminin pluriel Automobile snow chains
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    ʃɛn
    1. nf
    1) (pour lier, décorer) chain

    faire la chaîne — to form a human chain, to form a chain

    2) TV channel
    3) (stéréo) hi-fi system
    4) INFORMATIQUE string
    5) (= enchaînement)
    6) (montagneuse) range
    2. chaînes nfpl
    (= liens, asservissement) chains, shackles
    * * *
    A nf
    1 ( entrave) chain; mettre les chaînes à qn to put sb in chains; attacher qn avec des chaînes to chain sb up; attacher son chien à une chaîne to put one's dog on a chain; briser ses chaînes to cast off one's chains;
    2 Mécan chain; chaîne de transmission/de vélo transmission/bicycle chain; chaîne de sécurité safety chain;
    3 Ind assembly line; être/travailler à la chaîne to be/to work on the assembly line; produire (qch) à la chaîne to mass-produce (sth); production à la chaîne mass production; on n'est pas à la chaîne○! fig we're not machines, you know!; système éducatif à la chaîne conveyor-belt education system;
    4 ( bijou) chain; chaîne en or gold chain; chaîne de montre watch chain;
    5 ( succession) chain; des catastrophes en chaîne a series of disasters; réaction en chaîne chain reaction;
    6 ( organisation) network; chaîne de solidarité support network; faire la chaîne to make a chain;
    7 Géog chain, range; chaîne de montagnes/des Pyrénées mountain/Pyrenean chain;
    8 ( de télévision) channel; chaîne de télévision television channel; deuxième chaîne channel 2; chaîne câblée/musicale/publique cable/music/public channel;
    9 Comm chain; chaîne de magasins chain of stores; chaîne d'hôtels hotel chain;
    10 Audio ( système) chaîne hi-fi hi-fi system; chaîne stéréo stereo system; chaîne compacte music centre;
    11 Chimie chain; chaîne moléculaire molecular chain;
    12 Tex warp.
    B chaînes nfpl Aut snow chains; mettre les chaînes to put the snow chains on.
    chaîne alimentaire food chain; chaîne d'arpenteur surveyor's chain; chaîne d'assemblage assembly line; chaîne de caractères character string; chaîne de commandement chain of command; chaîne éditoriale editorial process; chaîne de fabrication Ind production line; chaîne du froid cold chain; chaîne de montage Ind assembly line; chaîne nerveuse Anat sympathetic chain; chaîne des osselets Anat (chain of) bonelets; chaîne parlée Ling speech chain; chaîne de survie Méd chain of survival; chaîne thématique special interest channel.
    ⓘ Chaînes de télévision In all, France has 6 terrestrial TV channels. There are two state-owned channels, France 2 and France 3 where programmes are financed mostly by revenue from the TV licences paid by all TV owners, as well as four privately-owned channels. These are TF1 (télévision française 1) which has an obligation to ensure that 50% of its programmes are of French origin; Canal Plus, a subscription-operated channel which requires the use of a decoder except during brief periods when programmes are not scrambled (i.e. when they are broadcast en clair); la Cinquième (an educational channel) and Arte (a Franco-German cultural channel) which broadcast programmes on the same frequency but at different times of the day; and finally M6, a popular commercial channel.
    [ʃɛn] nom féminin
    1. [attache, bijou] chain
    a. [sur un bijou] safety chain
    b. [sur une porte] (door) chain
    2. [suite] chain, series
    5. COMMERCE [de restaurants, de supermarchés] chain
    chaîne de montage/fabrication assembly/production line
    chaîne vide/de caractères nul/character string
    8. CHIMIE & PHYSIQUE chain
    ————————
    chaînes nom féminin pluriel
    ————————
    à la chaîne locution adjectivale
    [travail] assembly-line (modificateur), production-line (modificateur)
    ————————
    à la chaîne locution adverbiale
    [travailler, produire] on the production line
    ————————
    en chaîne locution adjectivale

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > chaîne

  • 10 alinear

    v.
    1 to line up.
    2 to include in the starting line-up (sport) (seleccionar).
    3 to align, to range.
    Yo alineo los rieles I align the rails.
    4 to straighten, to put straight.
    Yo alineo las piezas de dominó I straighten the domino pieces.
    5 to range in rows, to set in line, to line up, to put in line.
    Ella alinea las latas del estante She ranges the shelf cans in rows.
    * * *
    1 (poner en línea) to align, line up
    2 DEPORTE to pick, select
    3 MILITAR to form up
    1 (unirse) to become aligned, align oneself ( con, with)
    2 MILITAR to fall in
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1.
    VT (Téc) to align; [+ alumnos] to line up, put into line; [+ soldados] to form up; (Dep) [+ equipo] to select, pick ( con with)
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <equipo/jugador> to select, pick
    2) (poner en fila, línea) to line up
    3) (Tec) to align, line up
    2.
    alinearse v pron
    a) tropa to fall in; niños/presos to line up
    b) (Pol, Rels Labs)

    alinearse con algo/alguien — to align oneself with something/somebody

    * * *
    = align, line up, justify, estrange (from).
    Ex. Entry words may be aligned in a centre column or in a left hand column.
    Ex. When an object appears in that square, it is lined up for its picture.
    Ex. The weaknesses of the cold-metal machines were that they did not justify the lines automatically as part of the type-setting process.
    Ex. These objects remain useful and functional, though estranged from their usual context.
    ----
    * alinear a la derecha = justify + right.
    * alinearse a = align.
    * sin alinear = unjustified.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <equipo/jugador> to select, pick
    2) (poner en fila, línea) to line up
    3) (Tec) to align, line up
    2.
    alinearse v pron
    a) tropa to fall in; niños/presos to line up
    b) (Pol, Rels Labs)

    alinearse con algo/alguien — to align oneself with something/somebody

    * * *
    = align, line up, justify, estrange (from).

    Ex: Entry words may be aligned in a centre column or in a left hand column.

    Ex: When an object appears in that square, it is lined up for its picture.
    Ex: The weaknesses of the cold-metal machines were that they did not justify the lines automatically as part of the type-setting process.
    Ex: These objects remain useful and functional, though estranged from their usual context.
    * alinear a la derecha = justify + right.
    * alinearse a = align.
    * sin alinear = unjustified.

    * * *
    alinear [A1 ]
    vt
    A ‹equipo/jugador› to select, pick
    B (poner en fila, línea) ‹personas› to line up; ‹objetos› to line up, arrange ( o put etc) … in a line
    C ( Tec) to align, line up
    alinear la dirección or las ruedas del coche to align the wheels of the car
    1 «tropa» ( Mil) to fall in; «niños/presos» to line up
    2 ( Pol, Rels Labs) alinearse CON algo/algn to align oneself WITH sth/sb
    países no alineados nonaligned countries
    * * *

     

    alinear ( conjugate alinear) verbo transitivo
    1 ‹equipo/jugador› to select, pick
    2
    a) (poner en fila, línea) to line up

    b) (Tec) to align, line up

    alinearse verbo pronominal [ tropa] to fall in;
    [niños/presos] to line up
    alinear verbo transitivo
    1 (poner en línea) to line up, align
    2 Dep (a un jugador) to select
    ' alinear' also found in these entries:
    English:
    align
    - line up
    - range
    - draw
    - line
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [colocar en línea] to line up
    2. [ruedas] to align
    3. Dep [seleccionar] to include in the starting line-up
    * * *
    v/t
    1 line up, align
    2 DEP select
    3
    :
    países no alineados POL non-aligned countries
    * * *
    1) : to align
    2) : to line up

    Spanish-English dictionary > alinear

  • 11 McKay, Hugh Victor

    [br]
    b. c. 1866 Drummartin, Victoria, Australia
    d. 21 May 1926 Australia
    [br]
    Australian inventor and manufacturer of harvesting and other agricultural equipment.
    [br]
    A farmer's son, at the age of 17 McKay developed modifications to the existing stripper harvester and created a machine that would not only strip the seed from standing corn, but was able to produce a threshed, winnowed and clean sample in one operation. The prototype was produced in 1884 and worked well on the two acres of wheat that had been set aside on the family farm. By arrangement with a Melbourne plough maker, five machines were made and sold for the 1885 season. In 1886 the McKay Harvester Company was formed, with offices at Ballarat, from which the machines, built by various companies, were sold. The business expanded quickly, selling sixty machines in 1888, and eventually rising to the production of nearly 2,000 harvesters in 1905. The name "Sunshine" was given to the harvester, and the "Sun" prefix was to appear on all other implements produced by the company as it diversified its production interests. In 1902 severe drought reduced machinery sales and left 2,000 harvesters unsold. McKay was forced to look to export markets to dispose of his surplus machines. By 1914 a total of 10,000 machines were being exported annually. During the First World War McKay was appointed to the Business Board of the Defence Department. Increases in the scale of production resulted in the company moving to Melbourne, where it was close to the port of entry of raw materials and was able to export the finished article more readily. In 1909 McKay produced one of the first gas-engined harvesters, but its cost prevented it from being more than an experimental prototype. By this time McKay was the largest agricultural machinery manufacturer in the Southern hemisphere, producing a wide range of implements, including binders. In 1916 McKay hired Headlie Taylor, who had developed a machine capable of harvesting fallen crops. The jointly developed machine was a major success, coming as it did in what would otherwise have been a disastrous Australian harvest. Further developments included the "Sun Auto-header" in 1923, the first of the harvesting machines to adopt the "T" configuration to be seen on modern harvesters. The Australian market was expanding fast and a keen rivalry developed between McKay and Massey Harris. Confronted by the tariff regulations with which the Australian Government had protected its indigenous machinery industry since 1906, Massey Harris sold all its Australian assets to the H.V. McKay company in 1930. Twenty-three years later Massey Ferguson acquired the old Sunshine works and was still operating from there in the 1990s.
    Despite a long-running history of wage disputes with his workforce, McKay established a retiring fund as well as a self-help fund for distressed cases. Before his death he created a charitable trust and requested that some funds should be made available for the "aerial experiments" which were to lead to the establishment of the Flying Doctor Service.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    CBE.
    Further Reading
    Graeme Quick and Wesley Buchele, 1978, The Grain Harvesters, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (devotes a chapter to the unique development of harvesting machinery which took place in Australia).
    AP

    Biographical history of technology > McKay, Hugh Victor

  • 12 Winding

    The operation of transferring yarn from one form of package to another, such as winding from hanks to bobbins, from bobbins to cones, from cops to bobbins, etc. The process that follows spinning determines whether winding is necessary or not. Cops and ring tubes or bobbins can be used in that form as weft in the shuttle, but they are not suitable for making into warps, nor as supply to knitting or braiding machines. Yarn in the other forms of spun packages requires to be pirned for use as weft. Although yarn winding is not a fundamental process like spinning and weaving, it occupies a very important place in the economics of yarn processing, and probably embraces a wider range of different machines than any other phase of textile processing. Even a bare catalogue of the different kinds of winding machines would far too lengthy for inclusion here. Broadly, winding machines are adapted for: - 1. Winding yarn for use as weft in loom shuttles, including winding on to wood pirns and paper tubes; solid cops for use in shuttles without tongues; quills for use in ribbon and smallware looms; layer locking at the nose of the pirn to prevent sloughing of rayon weft; bunch building at the base of pirns for use in automatic looms; weft rewound from spinner's cops into larger packages to give maximum length at one filling of the shuttle. The yarn supply can be from hanks, cops, spinner's bobbins, cones, cheeses, warps, etc. 2. Winding yarns for making warps from spinner's cops or bobbins, hanks that have been sized, bleached or dyed, cones, cheeses, and other forms of supply. 3. Winding yarns into suitable form for sizing, bleaching, dyeing, or for receiving other wet treatments, including hanks, warps, cheeses, cops, etc. 4. Winding yarns for knitting, i.e., on to splicer bobbins, cones, pineapple cones, bottle bobbins, etc., and on to bobbins for use in braiding machines. 5. Special process winding such as the precision winding of several threads side by side in tape form for covering wire, etc. 6. Winding yarns into packages for retail selling such as winding mending wools on cards; sewing thread on wood spools or small flangeless cheeses; crochet embroidery and other threads into balls; packing string info balls and cheeses; harvesting twine into large balls and cones, etc.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Winding

  • 13 Case, Jerome Increase

    [br]
    b. 1819 Williamstown, Oswego County, New York, USA
    d. 1891 USA
    [br]
    American manufacturer and founder of the Case company of agricultural engineers.
    [br]
    J.I.Case was the son of a former and began his working life operating the family's Groundhog threshing machine. He moved into contract threshing, and used the money he earned to pay his way through a business academy. He became the agent for the Groundhog thresher in his area and at the age of 23 decided to move west, taking six machines with him. He sold five of these to obtain working capital, and in 1842 moved from Williamstown, New York, to Rochester, Wisconsin, where he established his manufacturing company. He produced the first combined thresher-winnower in the US in 1843. Two years later he moved to Racine, on the shores of Lake Michigan in the same state. Within four years the Case company became Racine's biggest company and largest employer, a position it was to retain into the twentieth century. As early as 1860 Case was shipping threshing machines around the Horn to California.
    Apart from having practical expertise Case was also a skilled demonstrator, and it was this combination which resulted in the sure growth of his company. In 1869 he produced his first portable steam engine and in 1876 his first traction engine. By the mid 1870s he was selling a significant proportion of the machines in use in America. By 1878 Case threshing machines had penetrated the European market, and in 1885 sales to South America began. Case also became the world's largest manufacturer of steam engines.
    J.I.Case himself, whilst still actively involved with the company, also became involved in politics. He was Mayor of Racine for three terms and State Senator for two. He was also President of the Manufacturers' National Bank of Racine and Founder of the First National Bank of Burlington. He founded the Wisconsin Academy of Science, Arts and Letters and was President of the Racine County Agricultural Society. He had time for sport and was owner of the world's all-time champion trotter-pacer.
    Continued expansion of the company after J.I. Case's death led eventually to its acquisition by Tenneco in 1967, and in 1985 the company took over International Harvester. As Case I.H. it continues to produce a full range of agricultural, earth-moving and heavy-transport equipment.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Despite the size and importance of the company he created, very little has been written about Case. On particular anniversaries the company has produced celebratory publications, and surprisingly these still seem to be the main source of information about him.
    R.B.Gray, 1975, The Agricultural Tractor 1855–1950, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (traces the history of power on the farm, in which Case and his machines played such an important role).
    AP

    Biographical history of technology > Case, Jerome Increase

  • 14 Goucher, John

    [br]
    b. c.1831 Woodsetts, Yorkshire, England
    d. unknown
    [br]
    English engineer and inventor of the rubbing bars used on threshing machines and combine harvesters.
    [br]
    John Goucher was the son of a Yorkshire farmer who began his employed life as a carpenter. In 1851, at the age of 20, he was living on the farm of his father and employing four labourers. He developed and patented a means of wrapping wire around the individual bars of a threshing machine drum in such a way that grooves were formed in them. These grooves allowed the threshed grain to pass through without being crushed or otherwise damaged.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Other patents credited to him range from devices for the propelling of ships in 1854, beaters for threshing machines in 1848, 1856, and again in 1861, stacking corn and other crops in the same year, improvements to steam boilers in 1863, for preserving life in water in 1867, threshing machines in 1873 and 1874, steam engines in 1884, and threshing machines in 1885.
    AP

    Biographical history of technology > Goucher, John

  • 15 fabricado en serie

    mass-produced
    * * *
    (adj.) = mass-produced, off-the-shelf, out of the box, manufactured
    Ex. The needs of business assured the advent of mass-produced arithmetical machines just as soon as production methods were sufficiently advanced.
    Ex. A standard off-the-shelf version costs 450 and fully tailored systems usually fall into the range 1,250 -- 1,450.
    Ex. Software vendors provide manuals for the ' out of the box' programs they sell.
    Ex. The company accounts for 99.9% of the UK manufactured glace cherry market.
    * * *
    (adj.) = mass-produced, off-the-shelf, out of the box, manufactured

    Ex: The needs of business assured the advent of mass-produced arithmetical machines just as soon as production methods were sufficiently advanced.

    Ex: A standard off-the-shelf version costs 450 and fully tailored systems usually fall into the range 1,250 -- 1,450.
    Ex: Software vendors provide manuals for the ' out of the box' programs they sell.
    Ex: The company accounts for 99.9% of the UK manufactured glace cherry market.

    Spanish-English dictionary > fabricado en serie

  • 16 Morland, Sir Samuel

    [br]
    b. 1625 Sulhampton, near Reading, Berkshire, England
    d. 26 December 1695 Hammersmith, near London, England
    [br]
    English mathematician and inventor.
    [br]
    Morland was one of several sons of the Revd Thomas Morland and was probably initially educated by his father. He went to Winchester School from 1639 to 1644 and then to Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he graduated BA in 1648 and MA in 1652. He was appointed a tutor there in 1650. In 1653 he went to Sweden in the ambassadorial staff of Bulstrode Whitelocke and remained there until 1654. In that year he was appointed Clerk to Mr Secretary Thurloe, and in 1655 he was accredited by Oliver Cromwell to the Duke of Savoy to appeal for the Waldenses. In 1657 he married Susanne de Milleville of Boissy, France, with whom he had three children. In 1660 he went over to the Royalists, meeting King Charles at Breda, Holland. On 20 May, the King knighted him, creating him baron, for revealing a conspiracy against the king's life. He was also granted a pension of£500 per year. In 1661, at the age of 36, he decided to devote himself to mathematics and invention. He devised a mechanical calculator, probably based on the pattern of Blaise Pascal, for adding and subtracting: this was followed in 1666 by one for multiplying and other functions. A Perpetual Calendar or Almanack followed; he toyed with the idea of a "gunpowder engine" for raising water; he developed a range of speaking trum-pets, said to have a range of 1/2 to 1 mile (0.8–1.6 km) or more; also iron stoves for use on board ships, and improvements to barometers.
    By 1675 he had started selling a range of pumps for private houses, for mines or deep wells, for ships, for emptying ponds or draining low ground as well as to quench fire or wet the sails of ships. The pumps cost from £5 to £63, and the great novelty was that he used, instead of packing around the cylinder sealing against the bore of the cylinder, a neck-gland or seal around the outside diameter of the piston or piston-rod. This revolutionary step avoided the necessity of accurately boring the cylinder, replacing it with the need to machine accurately the outside diameter of the piston or rod, a much easier operation. Twenty-seven variations of size and materials were included in his schedule of'Pumps or Water Engines of Isaac Thompson of Great Russel Street', the maker of Morland's design. In 1681 the King made him "Magister mechanicorum", or Master of Machines. In that year he sailed for France to advise Louis XIV on the waterworks being built at Marly to supply the Palace of Versailles. About this time he had shown King Charles plans for a pumping engine "worked by fire alone". He petitioned for a patent for this, but did not pursue the matter.
    In 1692 he went blind. In all, he married five times. While working for Cromwell he became an expert in ciphers, in opening sealed letters and in their rapid copying.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1660.
    Bibliography
    Further Reading
    H.W.Dickinson, 1970, Sir Samuel Morland: Diplomat and Inventor, Cambridge: Newcomen Society/Heffers.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Morland, Sir Samuel

  • 17 иметься в продаже

    •

    The book is in print (антон. out of print).

    •

    The conveyor is now being marketed (or sold) with a 40 ft boom and 18 in. belt.

    •

    These elements are offered in a range of sizes.

    * * *
    Иметься в продаже-- Several special-purpose machines are currently on the market which combine previously separate manufacturing operations into one machine.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > иметься в продаже

  • 18 Bigelow, Erastus Brigham

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 2 April 1814 West Boyleston, Massachusetts, USA
    d. 6 December 1879 USA
    [br]
    American inventor of power looms for making lace and many types of carpets.
    [br]
    Bigelow was born in West Boyleston, Massachusetts, where his father struggled as a farmer, wheelwright, and chairmaker. Before he was 20, Bigelow had many different jobs, among them farm labourer, clerk, violin player and cotton-mill employee. In 1830, he went to Leicester Academy, Massachusetts, but he could not afford to go on to Harvard. He sought work in Boston, New York and elsewhere, making various inventions.
    The most important of his early inventions was the power loom of 1837 for making coach lace. This loom contained all the essential features of his carpet looms, which he developed and patented two years later. He formed the Clinton Company for manufacturing carpets at Leicester, Massachusetts, but the factory became so large that its name was adopted for the town. The next twenty years saw various mechanical discoveries, while his range of looms was extended to cover Brussels, Wilton, tapestry and velvet carpets. Bigelow has been justly described as the originator of every fundamental device in these machines, which were amongst the largest textile machines of their time. The automatic insertion and withdrawal of strong wires with looped ends was the means employed to raise the looped pile of the Brussels carpets, while thinner wires with a knife blade at the end raised and then severed the loops to create the rich Wilton pile. At the Great Exhibition in 1851, it was declared that his looms made better carpets than any from hand looms. He also developed other looms for special materials.
    He became a noted American economist, writing two books about tariff problems, advocating that the United States should not abandon its protectionist policies. In 1860 he was narrowly defeated in a Congress election. The following year he was a member of the committee that established the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    National Cyclopedia of American Biography III (the standard account of his life). F.H.Sawyer, 1927, Clinton Item (provides a broad background to his life).
    C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. V, Oxford: Clarendon Press (describes Bigelow's inventions).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Bigelow, Erastus Brigham

  • 19 Congreve, Sir William

    SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour
    [br]
    b. 20 May 1772 London, England
    d. 16 May 1828 Toulouse, France
    [br]
    English developer of military rockets.
    [br]
    He was the eldest son of Lieutenant-General Sir William Congreve, Colonel Commandant of the Royal Artillery, Superintendent of Military Machines and Superintendent Comptroller of the Royal Laboratory at Woolwich, and the daughter of a naval officer. Congreve passed through the Naval Academy at Woolwich and in 1791 was attached to the Royal Laboratory (formerly known as the Woolwich Arsenal), of which his father was then in command. In the 1790s, an Indian prince, Hyder Ali, had had some success against British troops with solid-fuelled rockets, and young Congreve set himself to develop the idea. By about 1806 he had made some 13,000 rockets, each with a range of about 2 km (1¼ miles). The War Office approved their use, and they were first tested in action at sea during the sieges of Boulogne and Copenhagen in 1806 and 1807 respectively. Congreve was commissioned to raise two companies of rocket artillery; in 1813 he commanded one of his rocket companies at the Battle of Leipzig, where although the rockets did little damage to the enemy, the noise and glare of the explosions had a considerable effect in frightening the French and caused great confusion; for this, the Tsar of Russia awarded Congreve a knighthood. The rockets were similarly effective in other battles, including the British attack on Fort McHenry, near Baltimore, in 1814; it is said that this was the inspiration for the lines "the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air" in Francis Scott Key's poem The Star Spangled Banner, which became the United States' national anthem.
    Congreve's father died in 1814, and he succeeded him in the baronetcy and as Comptroller of the Royal Laboratory and Superintendent of Military Machines, holding this post until his death. For the last ten years of his life he was Member of Parliament for Plymouth, having previously represented Gatton when elected for that constituency in 1812.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1812.
    Further Reading
    F.H.Winter, 1990, The First Golden Age of Rocketry: Congreve and Hale Rockets of the Nine-teenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Congreve, Sir William

  • 20 Perkins, Jacob

    [br]
    b. 9 July 1766 Newburyport, Massachusetts, USA
    d. 30 July 1849 London, England
    [br]
    American inventor of a nail-making machine and a method of printing banknotes, investigator of the use of steam at very high pressures.
    [br]
    Perkins's occupation was that of a gold-and silversmith; while he does not seem to have followed this after 1800, however, it gave him the skills in working metals which he would continue to employ in his inventions. He had been working in America for four years before he patented his nail-making machine in 1796. At the time there was a great shortage of nails because only hand-forged ones were available. By 1800, other people had followed his example and produced automatic nail-making machines, but in 1811 Perkins' improved machines were introduced to England by J.C. Dyer. Eventually Perkins had twenty-one American patents for a range of inventions in his name.
    In 1799 Perkins invented a system of engraving steel plates for printing banknotes, which became the foundation of modern siderographic work. It discouraged forging and was adopted by many banking houses, including the Federal Government when the Second United States Bank was inaugurated in 1816. This led Perkins to move to Philadelphia. In the intervening years, Perkins had improved his nail-making machine, invented a machine for graining morocco leather in 1809, a fire-engine in 1812, a letter-lock for bank vaults and improved methods of rolling out spoons in 1813, and improved armament and equipment for naval ships from 1812 to 1815.
    It was in Philadelphia that Perkins became interested in the steam engine, when he met Oliver Evans, who had pioneered the use of high-pressure steam. He became a member of the American Philosophical Society and conducted experiments on the compressibility of water before a committee of that society. Perkins claimed to have liquified air during his experiments in 1822 and, if so, was the real discoverer of the liquification of gases. In 1819 he came to England to demonstrate his forgery-proof system of printing banknotes, but the Bank of England was the only one which did not adopt his system.
    While in London, Perkins began to experiment with the highest steam pressures used up to that time and in 1822 took out his first of nineteen British patents. This was followed by another in 1823 for a 10 hp (7.5 kW) engine with only 2 in. (51 mm) bore, 12 in. (305 mm) stroke but a pressure of 500 psi (35 kg/cm2), for which he claimed exceptional economy. After 1826, Perkins abandoned his drum boiler for iron tubes and steam pressures of 1,500 psi (105 kg/cm2), but the materials would not withstand such pressures or temperatures for long. It was in that same year that he patented a form of uniflow cylinder that was later taken up by L.J. Todd. One of his engines ran for five days, continuously pumping water at St Katherine's docks, but Perkins could not raise more finance to continue his experiments.
    In 1823 one his high-pressure hot-water systems was installed to heat the Duke of Wellington's house at Stratfield Saye and it acquired a considerable vogue, being used by Sir John Soane, among others. In 1834 Perkins patented a compression ice-making apparatus, but it did not succeed commercially because ice was imported more cheaply from Norway as ballast for sailing ships. Perkins was often dubbed "the American inventor" because his inquisitive personality allied to his inventive ingenuity enabled him to solve so many mechanical challenges.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1943, biography which appeared previously as a shortened version in the Transactions of the Newcomen Society 24.
    D.Bathe and G.Bathe, 1943–5, "The contribution of Jacob Perkins to science and engineering", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 24.
    D.S.L.Cardwell, 1971, From Watt to Clausius. The Rise of Thermodynamics in the Early Industrial Age, London: Heinemann (includes comments on the importance of Perkins's steam engine).
    A.F.Dufton, 1940–1, "Early application of engineering to warming of buildings", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 21 (includes a note on Perkins's application of a high-pressure hot-water heating system).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Perkins, Jacob

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